efs vs s3 cost. Security. efs vs s3 cost

 
 Securityefs vs s3 cost  Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) vs

5. Of these services, the first three are the most relevant and frequently used as Glacier is meant only for the cold storage of archive data and. Amazon's pricing assumes a savings of 50% and reduces the cost of HDD storage in the U. Ofcourse there would be read/write latency compared to EBS as EBS is designed for low-latency access to data. There are currently 2 different storage classes, these being: EFS Standard - The default storage used when using EFS And EFS Infrequent Access (EFS-IA). ¥ 0. 20/MBps-month = $18/month. EFS is expensive pricesely because it uses S3 to store files that aren't commonly retrieved. answered Nov 1,. A guide to AWS storage cost. Part 2: [this blog post] A deep dive on how EFS security works in container deployments based on ECS and Fargate with some high-level considerations around regional ECS and EFS deployments best practices. Cost-effective. Choosing the right Amazon cloud storage solution can significantly impact your application’s performance, scalability, and cost-efficiency. Costs 20% less than S3 Standard-IA; Designed for 99. Amazon EFS is one of the popular storage. 021 USD. SC1 HDD → Lowest cost per GB of all EBS volume types. Cost Implications: S3’s Intelligent Tiering is cost-effective for varied access patterns. More importantly, it charges you per-transaction; Every GET, PUT, DELETE, etc. Which is costlier EFS or EBS? Amazon EFS is almost 10 times more expensive than Amazon EBS pricing, but the cheaper Amazon EBS can only be accessed by one Amazon EC2 instance at a time. EFS. 04 * 1 GB/day * 30 days = $1. These include other AWS services such as Amazon S3 and Amazon EFS. S3 vs EBS vs EFS Comparison Table. Also, install the required packages. · DevOps Explore the AWS storage options: Elastic Block Storage (EBS), Elastic File System (EFS), and Simple Storage Service (S3). On the other hand, the top reviewer of Amazon S3 writes "Deploys in minutes, easily scalable, and extremely stable". The main differences between EBS and EFS is that EBS is only accessible from a single EC2 instance in your particular AWS region, while EFS allows you to mount the file system across multiple regions and instances. 1 out of 10. Amazon EFS (Elastic File System) is a cloud-based file storage service for applications and workloads that run in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) public cloud. The core difference in the EFS vs S3 use case is EFS is designed to be attached to the file as a networked drive where as S3 is designed to be accessed via an API. AWS EBS is only accessible in a single region, while multiple EFS instances can share files across multiple regions. Amazon Simple Storage Service region -Requests-Tier2 : This is for GET. † Backups of EFS, S3, VMware, SAP HANA on EC2 and Amazon Timestream are billed on a GB-day basis instead of a GB-hour basis. More than 700,000 data lakes run on AWS. Backup storage is $0. 4GB/sec io2 BE), and the io2 Block Express volume can do it with a single client. The Google Cloud Platform (GCP) is one of the three major public clouds. For more information about. For more information, see EFS Intelligent‐Tiering and EFS Lifecycle Management. Some AWS services only support using FSx (Windows ECS containers). December 8, 2022 by Chris Contents hide 1 Amazon S3 1. 9. 4. EFS is a Network Filesystem (NFS). For e. It is a scalable, cloud-based file system supporting Linux-based applications and workloads that can work in tandem with AWS cloud services and on-premise resources. 99% availability making it a very good choice for users with critical applications. When you create an EFS file system using EFS Quick Create, the file system is created with the following. Under Configuration, for Location type, select Amazon EFS file system. Although all three use Amazon EC2 instances, they vary widely when it comes to parameters such as cost, performance, throughput, compute. EFS, EBS, and S3 are AWS’ three different storage types that are applicable for different types of workload needs. SageMaker training allows your training script to access datasets stored on Amazon S3, FSx for Lustre, or Amazon EFS, as if it were available on a local file system (via a POSIX-compliant file system interface). C. See top. Technology Lead, Global Database Services at Johnson & Johnson. 5X faster than EFS in the fastest burst mode. AWS S3 vs EBS vs EFS Feature Comparison. S3 Replication is the only method that preserves the last-modified system metadata property from the source object to the destination object. EBS stands for Elastic Block Store and is a block-level storage option for use with […]It's fully atomic, eventually consistent, higher latency than GlusterFS or even NFS. Pros and Cons. and cost. AWS EFS vs EBS vs S3 differences when to use. Seamlessly migrate, automate, and monitor your file transfer workflows into and out of Amazon S3 and Amazon EFS using the SFTP, FTPS, and FTP protocols. The standard API costs for file operations per 1,000 requests is $0. A MySQL instance with the cheapest instance type costs about 0. 04/GB. Amazon EBS is a block-level storage service. EFS is an elastic file system that grows and shrinks based on actual usage and you pay only for what you use. Pay only for the storage you use and reduce costs up to 92 percent by automatically moving infrequently accessed files. In this article, we will discuss these storage solutions in detail along with their differences. EBS is different from S3 in that it provides a storage volume directly connected to EC2 (Elastic Cloud Compute). Amazon S3 Report Amazon EFS (Elastic File System) Read 5 Amazon EFS (Elastic File System) reviews. It is designed for customers — particularly those in the financial services, healthcare, media and entertainment and public sector — that retain data sets for 7-10 years or longer to meet customer needs and regulatory compliance requirements. A mazon S3: Amazon S3 storage costs $0. 025 per GB-month. 743,467 professionals have used our research since 2012. 1 What is Amazon EBS 2. 6. 30 for EFS. Make a GitHub repo. 50 in storage charges for the snapshot archive in a 30-day month. Amazon Elastic File System provides a simple, serverless, set-and-forget elastic file system. In 2016, File Gateway only supported NFS, and on the surface seemed to be. The model is stored either in S3, ECR (via OCI deployment with Lambda), or EFS and is then used by a compute service such as Lambda. You’ll also want to consider compression schemes. See full list on dzone. For large data that isn’t already compressed, you almost certainly want to — S3 bandwidth and cost constraints generally make compression worth it. 021-0. 20 = $12. As you can see in the table above, for the light use case, SFTP Gateway for AWS is 25-66% cheaper than AWS SFTP. The same sized EFS standard share would cost an additional $307 -- or about 21% more with backup and 103% more without backup -- than FSx for Windows. The choice between AWS S3 and EFS depends on the project's requirements. Chose Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) S3 and EBS/EFS both host files, but they are very different. EFSThis example estimates the cost of storing 2,000 GB of data on a file system with at least 50 MB/s of throughput capacity in the US East (N. Amazon EFS is easy to use offering a simple interface that allows you to create and configure file systems quickly and easily. Share. When copying data to Amazon S3, DataSync automatically converts each file to a single S3 object in a 1:1 relationship, and preserves POSIX metadata from NFS shares or HDFS as Amazon S3 object metadata. has a cost, so one should consider when and how many calls they make to a bucket. Amazon S3? AWS offers cloud storage services to support a wide range of storage workloads. However, in terms of performance, EBS and EFS are superior to S3, with stronger throughput and the lowest latency. There are several interesting aspects in terms of pricing. $0. . AWS EBS is only accessible in a single region, while multiple EFS instances can share files across multiple regions. S3 provides seemingly unlimited storage that can be scaled effortlessly. Cuối cùng, Amazon S3 là một kho lưu trữ object rất hiệu quả trong việc lưu trữ số lượng lớn các bản sao lưu hoặc tệp người dùng. Lambda provides a comprehensive range of storage options to meet the needs of web application developers. AWS EBS is only accessible in a single region, while multiple EFS instances can share files across multiple regions. 6, while Google Cloud Storage Nearline is rated 8. 999999999%). There are also native storage options available, such as temporary storage or Lambda layers. S3 Standard IA. Before we can get into the direct comparison of Amazon S3 vs. Since most of you are familiar with S3, I will not talk about it in detail. 200 GB of this data resides in the EFS Standard storage class and 800 GB in the EFS Standard-IA storage class. S3 stands for Simple Storage Service and is an object-level storage option that can be used to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web. Choosing between AWS S3 and EFS can be confusing. As an example of the cost optimization EFS IA provides let’s look at storage costs for 100 terabytes (100TB) of data. 0 (less than 1,000 files per second). I don't see how this could be write, because the pricing for EFS is always very high. Amazon S3 is perhaps the most popular of all the AWS storage types. Prices are plus network usage. 6, while Amazon S3 Glacier is rated 7. AWS EFS vs other NFS storage Hey guys, I hope you guys are all well and safe from covid. The Amazon EFS Standard-Infrequent Access (EFS Standard-IA) and Amazon EFS One Zone-Infrequent Access (EFS One Zone-IA) storage classes are cost-optimized for files accessed less frequently. Objects in Amazon S3 are associated with a unique identifier (key), so access to them can be obtained through web requests from anywhere. EFS is effectively cheaper than EBS. Like other cloud storage options, EFS requires balancing convenience with cost. EFS is highly durable storage. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the differences between the three and how to choose the right service for your use-case. 1. Costs for S3 Object Lambda are as follows: $0. What does each service offer? And which one is right for your business needs? What about EC2 instance store vs EBS? This article helps explain the different. AWS Backup pricing is composed of two elements—storage costs and data transfer costs, and we’ll help you understand how to estimate and calculate your. Amazon EFS, on the other hand, is a fully-managed file storage service that is designed to provide scalable, shared access to files for multiple EC2 instances. Amazon FSx lets you choose between four widely-used file systems: Lustre, NetApp ONTAP, OpenZFS, and Windows File Server. Due to this, S3 can be used for building data lakes. That represented a 61% saving by using EFS. The full form of Amazon EFS is Amazon Elastic File System. Make the right choice for each workload. Now, Amazon EFS offers two different storage classes to you, which each offer different levels of performance and cost, these being Standard and Infrequent Access, known as IA. Storage Limit: Scalability: Reliability: SLA: Concurrency: S3: Unlimited storage, file size up to 5TB: Manual:. AWS EBS is only accessible in a single region, while multiple EFS instances can share files across multiple regions. Although, this storage option provides 400 times. $0. S3/EBS/EFS and Azure Storage. can automatically scale from gigabytes to petabytes of data without needing to provision storage. Use AWS DataSync to migrate existing data to Amazon S3, and then use the File Gateway configuration of AWS Storage Gateway to retain access to the migrated data and. The differences in monthly charges for similar amounts of S3 and EBS with provisioned I/O storage can be substantial. In the end, the deciding factor between Amazon EBS vs. Amazon S3 stores data as objects in a flat environment (without a hierarchy). The main advantage of EFS is it can be accessed from multiple EC2 instances. As per the name, Elastic grows as your data grows. Elastic File System (EFS). 30 hourly rate, your monthly charge for SFTP is: $0. S3 is an object store, meaning it is a higher layer data storage system, essentially it is a database "blob" storage, storing data in an underlying simple database as an object. In this Amazon S3 vs EBS vs EFS, we will discuss the differences between Amazon S3, EBS, and EFS. EFS is a file system for many EC2 instances. 3/Month; Further storage options, which may be used for temporary storing data while/before processing it:. Share. EBS is block, EFS is file, S3 is object. Amazon EBS vs EFS vs S3: What’s the Difference? Amazon EBS, EFS, and S3 are different types of storage solutions that Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers to its users. Amazon web services are widely used around the world for storage options. From Amazon S3 Simple Storage Service Pricing - Amazon Web Services:. If you turn on EFS Lifecycle Management then the effective cost can drop, but there are a lot of assumption in that price. 64. 03. When you create a server in the AWS Transfer Family console, select Amazon EFS as your storage service in the Step 4 section Choose a domain. Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store) is rated 8. stores such as Amazon S3 are typically significantly more affordable than file-based storage platforms such as Amazon EFS. You can preserve the EC2…Amazon EC2 also has a variety of features that allows it to function better in conjunction with other AWS services. Whatever the needs,. 2, while Amazon S3 Glacier is rated 7. Identity Pool What is it? Use Cases How this works? and more. S3, EBS, EFS. $0. 023/Month: $0. Option Two If your data is highly compressible and reducing the cost from $100 to $30 a year matters then you could have a lambda fetch the data, do the compression, and write to S3 deep archive. 1)For Video streaming am planning to use Nodejs and S3 but the point is, if a video is 1. 2 Use cases 2 Amazon EBS 2. Alternatively, you might need to build key-value or blob/object storage system depending on the level of structure and retrieval you need. Discover which one suits your storage needs best. However you must keep in mind that GP2’s performance is proportional to its volume capacity, so to have higher performance, you must provision a volume with higher storage capacity. . 1. 045 per GB-month, less than half the price of gp2. Lets’ learn about the differences of Amazon EBS. Amazon EFS serves application and user workloads that were traditionally serviced by on-premises NFS protocol-based NAS storage arrays. 0 /4. In the first scenario, involving 1TB of total storage replicated across two AZs, the total cost of ownership was $3,686 under AWS EFS pricing, and $9,457 using a self-managed solution. 30 * 24 hours * 30 days = $216. 045-0. 0125 per GB-month for the EBS Snapshots Archive storage, you are charged $2. Savings with Amazon EFS. Amazon S3, FSx, Elastic File System and Elastic Block Store have different price structures, but data use remains the top factor in determining the cost of cloud storage. However, interesting difference is between EFS and S3, and to identify proper use cases for it. However, interesting difference is between EFS and S3, and to identify proper use cases for it. Offers cost-saving storage classes ideal for infrequently access data or for data archival; provides unlimited storage There are two types of ML inferencing architectures, single model and multi-model. Time protocol is enabled on your endpoint. As for pricing, it gets a bit complicated (all prices are per GB/month), but for HHD, AWS starts at $0. For Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), you can use Amazon S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) to asynchronously copy objects to an S3 bucket in the DR region continuously, while providing versioning for the stored objects so that you can choose your restoration point. Vote. EFS is a file system. Block storage is a type of storage you use to store data files on Storage Area Networks (SAN) or on cloud platforms. 1 Amazon web services are widely used around the world for storage options. Keep in mind, however, that when retrieving data using this tier, you incur an additional cost ($0. Hi community, I work as a Tech Lead (Global DB SVCS) at an enterprise with 10,000+ employees. is EBS or EFS a reliable way to store huge media files?Additionally, EFS volumes are POSIX compatible, which means they will interoperate with legacy systems. This includes integrations with Amazon S3, Amazon RDS, and Amazon VPC, along with Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling. Cost to use DataSync for each incremental copy of 10 TB of 16 MB files into S3 in the US East (Ohio) Region, assuming 500 LIST requests and one HEAD request per object in S3: (10 TB copied into S3 using DataSync * 1024 GB * $0. Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers various storage options to cater to different requirements. Basic object storage that makes data available through an Internet accessible API. Cost: EFS is approximately 10 times costly than S3. AWS Storage Summed Up. Overall, S3 is best suited for storing large amounts of unstructured data, EBS is best for use with EC2 instances as storage, and EFS is best for file storage and sharing among multiple EC2 instances or ECS containers. 61%. How is the answer - "Cost of test file storage on S3 Standard < Cost of test file storage on EFS < Cost of test file storage on EBS". g. Amazon charges separately for storage by GB, and separately for the number of objects stored in S3, to compensate for the cost of processing the data to identify the optimal tier for each one. 172. 8e+01k times 384. Data storage procurement decisions can significantly impact the overall cost and performance that comes with querying data. To improve the throughput without paying an additional cost. EBS is a high-performance per-instance block storage system designed to act as storage for a single EC2 instance (most of the time) EFS is a highly scalable file storage system designed to provide flexible storage for multiple EC2 instances. When it was launched in February the EFS IA storage class was priced at $0. 999999999% (11 9s) of data durability and 99. Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store) is rated 8. In your opinion, does it make sense to use Amazon EFS for database backup from a cost perspective? 2. Cloud File System - AWS EFS. 01 per GB and $0. Amazon EFS and Amazon FSx can be mounted onto. If you store more than 50 TB per month, the next 450 TB will be charged at $0. Each of these storage solutions is designed to tackle a specific need of each user For example:. That's why it includes the 86400 calculation. AWS EFS is also called AWS Elastic File System. Amazon S3 is a cloud storage service that can be accessed from anywhere. 99% as Amazon S3 Standard Storage, it has a much lower durability of 99. S3 offers the option to store a virtually unlimited number of files in a bucket and you won’t ever run out of disk space. EBS: Hardly scalable. Amazon offers several storage services depending on your needs━Elastic Block Storage (EBS) Elastic File System (EFS), Simple Storage Service (S3), Glacier and Storage Gateway. $0. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like ECS vs. EBS: $0. 08/GB-month vs $0. You can run data analytics on your data in S3. Sorted by: 2. What is the difference between EBS vs EFS vs S3? The cost structure of EFS is the most straightforward. After caching is enabled, there is a 5x improvement when serving static assets stored on Amazon EFS. Storage Amazon EFS When to Choose Amazon EFS Amazon EFS provides simple, scalable, elastic file storage for use with compute instances on the AWS Cloud and on-premises servers. So in my scenario, I will copy 10TB of data to S3 and assume that I will copy 10TB out as well, the total cost not including S3 would be. Storage cost is based on the average storage used through the month. You'll have to pay lucid link plus all your S3 costs, so it won't save you money, but it performs very well. 05 per GB. This also can increase costs via per-request fees AND negatively affects your user experience and SEO, as page load speed is considered. Amazon EBS Multi-Attach a single. It is important to mention that S3 tagging has a maximum limit of 10 tags per object and 128 unicode character. When mounting your file systems on Amazon EC2 instances, Amazon EFS supports the Network File System version 4. The simplest way to look at is to look at what the underlying technology is. Although, this storage option provides 400 times the durability of a. Part 3: A practical example, including reusable code and commands, of a containerized application deployed on ECS tasks. 1 protocols. Key differences: EBS: Block Storage. EFS and S3 are designed to scale automatically. If you need one networked drive attached to the file system of several EC2 instance / containers simultaneously then go with EFS. Alternatively, you might need to build key-value or blob/object storage system depending on the level of structure and retrieval you need. Use AWS S3 for scalable, cost-effective object storage, ideal for static assets and backups. It’s hard to make EFS cheaper than S3. Amazon S3 is more useful for extract transform load (ETL) data warehouse scenarios than for online or ad hoc queries. ($0. 043/GB-month, as long as you enable lifecycle management and 80% of the data is infrequently accessed. Duration cost depends on the amount of memory you allocate to your function. 032/GB = $3. Cost $368. Amazon S3 is a cloud storage service that can be accessed from anywhere. Choosing an Amazon FSx File System. Security. This post on stack is also a good read AWS EFS vs EBS vs S3 (differences & when to use?)The example is focused on costs directly related to EFS Replication. 022, saving you a dollar per TB. EFS provides a file system interface, file system access semantics (such as strong consistency and file locking), and concurrently accessible storage for up to thousands of EC2 instances. It’s a highly reliable and secure storage solution and a great option for creating large backups for data recovery. It depends on your specific use-cases and softwares but here's some basic guideline. Standard retrievals allow you to access your archived data in three to five hours and cost $0. Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud storage pricing varies depending on which of the three storage services you use—object storage (S3), block storage (EBS), or file storage (EFS). Options: A. AWS EFS EFS is fairly easy to learn to use because it mirrors a traditional file hierarchy structure. 25/1000) = $3. But it’s worth considering the cost of EFS (GB/month, no bandwidth and request charges) vs S3 (bandwidth, request and GB/month) for your specific workload. From this, you can see that for the same amount of storage space, gp3 is 20 percent more cost-effective than gp2 volumes. When using the Amazon S3 plugin, we still make use of EFS but most of the traffic throughput will be shifted to Amazon S3. Lastly, the cost of AWS DataSync is quite straight forward too. The storage cost of gp3 is on average 20% less than gp2 ($0. S3 Standard Storage. Assuming a monthly model training cost of USD10k, this translates to USD6. 30 per GB-month for storage and an additional $6. The usage conditions for the Amazon S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class are updated. For example Glacier, S3, EFS allocates the storage for you based on your usage, while at. AWS Backup is a service that helps you centrally manage backups across multiple Amazon storage services, including EFS, DynamoDB, RDS, and AWS snapshots performed via EBS. For multiple small files, EFS performance might get degraded. AWS Snapshots: Storage Costs. On the other hand, the top reviewer of Amazon S3 Glacier writes "A cost-effective solution to reduce storage. Block Storage. To use the EFS One Zone and One Zone–IA storage classes, you must create a file system that stores data redundantly within a single Availability Zone in an AWS Region. 6 ms. Amazon EFS. EFS is file system storage, using NFSv4 protocol. Amazon AWS has termed it as S3 storage while Microsoft Azure storage calls its offering as blob storage. 05 per GB-month for S3 data. tacotuesday. Các tệp được lưu trữ trong S3 bucket có. Amazon EFS (Elastic File. 30 per hour (and charged by hour) Data uploads. 5GB, the time to fetch the video from s3 to node is very high. Amazon EFS. The costs associated with Amazon FSx for Lustre differs to that of Windows File Server. Firstly, let’s remind ourselves about S3 and EFS. Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive: S3 Glacier Deep Archive is Amazon S3’s lowest-cost storage class that supports long-term. Other metrics, such as access frequency, can be opted into at a low cost. AWS DataSync is an online data transfer service that can copy data between Network File System (NFS), Server Message Block (SMB) file servers, self-managed object storage, and also between AWS services. AWS S3 service costs can be grouped into three major categories: The standard storage service is charged hourly in Gigabytes per month, at $0. B. EFS provides a file system interface, file system access semantics (such as strong consistency and file locking), and concurrently accessible storage for up to thousands of EC2 instances. SSD pricing starts at $0. But if you code can handle S3 (download from it, use the files, upload the results), then S3 is a better option. 5% availability over a given year; Amazon S3 Glacier: Low-cost storage class ideal for data archiving; Data is not available for real-time access;. EFS, EBS, and S3 are AWS’ three different storage types that are applicable for different types of workload needs. AWS EFS may provide online content, retain multiple backups, and minimize storage costs. Throughput capacity: 8 MBps-months x $2. With a few clicks in the Amazon Management Console, you can create file systems that are accessible to Amazon EC2 instances via a file system interface (using standard operating system file I/O APIs) and support full. 022, saving you a dollar per TB. 04 or $0. Backups transitioned to cold storage must be stored in cold storage for a minimum of 90 days. 0000167 per GB-second for the duration the Lambda function runs*. Logging and Monitoring in Amazon S3. A: AWS Transfer Family offers fully managed support for the transfer of files over SFTP, AS2, FTPS, and FTP directly into and out of Amazon S3 or Amazon EFS. With a few clicks in the AWS Management Console, you can create file systems that are accessible to Amazon EC2 instances via a file system interface (using standard operating system file I/O APIs) and support full file. For example, when using the U. It is used to provide the block-level storage volumes for the use of EC2 instances. Step 2: Create one or more EC2 servers from the EC2 dashboard as needed for your use case. Improvement: 5X. $0. EFS vs S3. EFS is an elastic serverless file system that users can share across multiple resources and systems, whether that's. $ 0. Cost of 1 TB storage with 50MBps throughput in EFS. Given the hidden compute and support costs, security integration, and performance issues, S3 as a data platform for RDBMS-sourced, frequently-refreshed data is a far cry from its $23/TB/month promise. The Difference Explained. Adding both your backup storage and backup restore charges together gives you your total monthly AWS Backup bill: Total monthly AWS Backup bill = $12 + $0. I have a couple of questions below: 1. S3 is great for static files where EBS/EFS are more intended for files that are frequently modified. 3X higher. S3 is suitable for a write-once, read-multiple-time approach, as it can be configured for access from anywhere. Cloud Professional Services Rates. 99% as Amazon S3 Standard Storage, it has a much lower durability of 99. In some scenarios, EFS will be more. Amazon S3 offers a range of storage classes for the objects that you store. So, if your code needs the files locally, the EFS would be a better choice. From your hard drive in the cloud to a shared collaboration space and a secure virtual attic for all your data. Lustre was built to solve the problem of quickly and. Depending on your needs, EFS offers two storage classes: Infrequent Access and Standard Access. Some AWS services only support using EFS (AWS Lambda, Linux ECS containers). EFS Reduce Costs with Amazon EFS One Zone As of March 2021, Amazon reduced the costs of EFS One Zone storage classes by 47% compared to EFS Standard storage classes. Using an EFS file system, you can configure instances to mount the file system. AWS EFS vs EBS vs S3.